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Fruit and Vegetable Consumption is Inversely Associated with Plasma Saturated Fatty Acids at Baseline in Predimed Plus Trial.

Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain. Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain. Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain. Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. Department of Nursing, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain. CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL-UMH), Alicante, Spain. Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Malaga. Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria & Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Spain. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, and IDISBA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain. Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain. Division of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Department of Endocrinology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD, University Autonoma, Madrid, Spain. Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain. Distrito de Atención Primaria Costa del Sol, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica Arroyo de la Miel, Benalmádena, Spain. Centro Atención Primaria de Mutxamel de FISABIO, Alicante, Spain. Internal Medicine Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Atenció Primària Barcelona Ciutat, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain. Primary Care Services, Servicio Navarro de Salud (Osasunbidea), Pamplona, Spain.

Molecular nutrition & food research. 2021;(17):e2100363
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Abstract

SCOPE Plasma fatty acids (FAs) are associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. The aim of our study is to assess the relationship between fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption and plasma FAs and their subtypes. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma FAs are assessed in a cross-sectional analysis of a subsample of 240 subjects from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Participants are categorized into four groups of fruit, vegetable, and fat intake according to the food frequency questionnaire. Plasma FA analysis is performed using gas chromatography. Associations between FAs and F&V consumption are adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), total energy intake, and alcohol consumption. Plasma saturated FAs are lower in groups with high F&V consumption (-1.20 mg cL-1 [95% CI: [-2.22, -0.18], p-value = 0.021), especially when fat intake is high (-1.74 mg cL-1 [95% CI: [-3.41, -0.06], p-value = 0.042). Total FAs and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs tend to be lower in high consumers of F&V only in the high-fat intake groups. CONCLUSIONS F&V consumption is associated with lower plasma saturated FAs when fat intake is high. These findings suggest that F&V consumption may have different associations with plasma FAs depending on their subtype and on the extent of fat intake.

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MeSH terms : Fatty Acids